Emerging infectious substances of rubber tires (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -N’-phenyl-p-pfenienodiamine (6PPD) and 6ppd-Quinone oxidation product (6PPDQ) A recent study reveals that prolonged exposure to these chemicals in environmental levels Lipids and carbohydrates, causes liver injury and alter the patterns of behavior in Zebrafish. Research shows that 6ppd accumulates mainly in the liver, while 6PPDQ targets the brain. Both compounds regulate PPARG, a basic regulator of metabolic function and elevate pre-inflammatory cytokines, causing chronic toxicity. Specifically, 6PPDQ proved to be more detrimental to its forerunner, suggesting that transformation products may create even greater risks. The findings show a pressing need for stricter regulation and environmental monitoring of tire pollutants.
N- (1,3-Dimethylbutyl) -N’-phenyl-p-phenynelenodiamine (6PPD), an antioxidant widely used in tires, plays a crucial role in preventing the degradation of rubber under voltage. However, when released into the environment, it is oxidized to 6ppd -Quinone (6PPDQ) -a a compound now located worldwide in road runoff and surface water. The previous research has linked both chemicals to growth and systemic toxicity to aquatic organisms, but the mechanisms behind their long-term effects-was evil on liver function and neurobulus suffered poorly defined. Zebrafish, due to their genetic resemblance to humans and suitability for toxicological studies, provides a powerful model for detecting these results. Given increasing concerns, a deeper research on biosynthesis and chronic toxicity specific to both 6ppd and 6ppdq toxicity is urgently justified.
In a study (Doi: 10.1016/J.SE.2025.100567) published on April 29, 2025, in Environmental Science and OccupationResearchers from the Agricultural University of Southern China and partners analyze in detail how compounds coming from tires interfere with liver and neurological functions in Zebrafish. By incorporating toxic -kinetic monitoring, transcription profile and molecular interaction, the group compared the impact of 6ppd and 6ppdq. Their effects have revealed that while 6PPD accumulates more on the liver tissue, 6PPDQ causes more severe liver damage. These findings underline distinct paths of toxicity and suggest potential risks that extend beyond fish to humans and other species exposed to chemicals associated with tires in aquatic environments.
In three -month controlled reports, Zebrafish showed clear differences in tissue accumulation and normal damage. 6ppd was mainly detected in the liver, while 6PPDQ concentrated in the brain. Both compounds weakened the growth and swimming behavior and caused visible liver abnormalities such as the stepping and degeneration of the cells. Enzyme tests have revealed elevated levels of hepatic injury markers (alanine aminotransferase, aspartic aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase), alkaline phosphatase disception, glutathione (non-ni-alesysta) hyper -atase). Transcriptional analysis confirmed extensive disorders on metabolic pathways, especially genes associated with lipid synthesis, glycolysis and cholesterol regulation. Both chemicals suppressed the c-activated receptor peroxide (PPARG) and upgraded inflammatory cytokines TNF-A and IL-6, with 6PPDQ to exercise a stronger molecular commitment to PPARG as shown. These effects collectively reflect the appearance of non -alcoholic fatty liver disease, increasing ecological and toxicological alarm.
This study highlights the hidden threat raised by rubber pollutants in the urban runoff. Our findings show that even low -level, long -term exposure to 6PPD and oxidation product can seriously disrupt the metabolism and behavior of the liver in aquatic species. Specifically, the 6PPDQ transform product shows greater toxicity than its forerunner, which has a significant impact on regulatory control and pollution control. “
Dr. Liangfu Wei, senior author of the study
Dr. Wei emphasized the need for environmental risk assessments to include both the parent compounds and their transformation products into regulatory evaluations.
These results offer critical knowledge of environmental risk management and regulatory policy. Identification of PPARG interference and metabolic disorder provides a molecular basis for chronic toxicity monitoring. Differentiation of 6ppd and 6ppdq toxic profiles highlights the importance of incorporating chemical derivatives in risk assessments. The findings require enhanced urban runoff control and the development of advanced water treatment systems to limit the water exposure. Given the preservation of metabolic pathways in vertebrates, the study also raises wider concerns about the long -term effects of the health of infectious substances from tires on humans through contaminated water sources.
Source:
Magazine report:
Jiao, F., et al. (2025). Chronic 6ppd and 6ppd-Quinone toxicity mechanisms in Zebrafish. Environmental Science and Occupation. Doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2025.100567.
