Scientists reveal that the short -term ozone inhalation does not only harm the lungs. It reforms the germs in your mouth, with men facing the greatest dangers.
Study: Impact of exposure to ozone on oral microbicide: A controlled, randomized cross -test test. Credit Picture: Demeshko Marina/Shutterstock.com
Ozone is a toxic environmental pollutant with wide effects on the body. A new study in Environment & Health It explores the impact of ozone on oral germ and lung.
Import
Ozone is formed during light -induced reactions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Ozone levels are increasing worldwide, mainly from the evaporation of vehicles and industrial processes.
Ozone is a poison capable of causing respiratory, nervous and cardiovascular damage. Its bad effects may range from ischemic heart disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The US Environmental Protection Organization (EPA) identifies ozone as contributing to lung damage. In fact, any 10 PPB increase in ozone levels increases the risk of death from respiratory problems by 4% compared to other causes.
The lung and the mouth share many common organisms because of their proximity and the fact that both meet in the throat. Oral microbicide also shares many organisms with other parts of the body, from the brain to the heart. Changes in oral microbicide are associated with lung diseases such as pneumonia, COPD, lung cancer and asthma and even cystic fibrosis.
The oral cavity is one of the first to meet ozone in the environment. It eliminates ozone relatively slowly compared to the nose, making it more vulnerable to the effects of the ozone. Therefore, the ozone that inhales through the mouth penetrates the lungs more than the nasal inhaled ozone.
For the study
The current study was a randomized controlled test that compares the ozone exposure to filtered air to reveal the effects and relationship of exposure to ozone on lung function and oral microbicide to healthy adults.
The study followed a random intersection planning. In each arm, 29 people were accidentally exposed either to filtered air or on a 280 PPB ozone for two hours. This concentration was selected as it is close to the highest monthly average daily maximum ozone concentration of 8 hours 286 PPB in Beijing, China. However, the report is much smaller than will happen in real conditions.
Throughout the two -hour duration, the participants had ten minutes of rest alternated with ten minutes of exercise (in the form of jacking jacks). The goal was to achieve an average ventilation time of the target during exercise (VE) 7-11 minutes/m2 body surface, ensuring uniform exposure to all participants.
Various lung function tests were carried out after exposure: forced exhaustive tumor in one second (FEV1), forced vital ability (FVC) and maximum exhaustive flow (PEF). The samples were collected simultaneously for an oral germ analysis. After two weeks, the teams changed. The whole experiment was completed in a month.
The average age of the participants was 21.97 years and the body mass index was 21.51 kg/m2 (within normal range). There were 19 men and 10 women.
Study findings
When exposed to ozone, the measured ozone concentration in filtered air was fixed in five parts per billion (PPB), compared to 282 PPB.
Lung function
After acute exposure to ozone, the lung function parameters were reduced immediately and observable. The forced vital capacity (FVC), which measures the maximum volume of air exhaling after complete inhalation, decreased by 12% (410 ml) on average.
The tumor that exhales strongly in a second (forced exhaustive tumor in one second, FEV1) also decreased by 360 ml, a 12%reduction. The maximum flow of exhaustive flow was also reduced by 0.81 l/s (≈14%). Men represented the total reduction, showing a decrease of 14% to 17% in FEV1, FVC and PEF. On the contrary, the function of the lungs in females remained unchanged. This could be due to specific sex differences in the inflammatory pathways that may be activated by the ozone.
By oral microbicide
After exposure to ozone, oral microbicide became less different. The wealth of species, abundance and Chao markers decreased by 21-22%.
Ozone seems to selectively suppress microbial diversity as shown by a strong decrease in species numbers. This is regardless of changes in the number of total species or the smoothness of distribution.
Many of the affected species are associated with oral diseases, including dental caries, plaque, periodontitis and slab cancer. A, HaemophilicIt is evident in cases of lung inflammation and is usually found in people with infections that produce nasopharynx.
Changes of germs appear to be driven by ozone changes on specific metabolic pathways involved in biosynthesis and metabolism of multiple biomolecules. It is important that oral microbicide plays a role in responding to pollutants with the abolition of harmful compounds. The changes observed here suggest that it contributes to the effects of ozone on human biology.
Changes in lung function were in accordance with mediation from the germ Treponema mediumwhich increased by ~ 96% in men and 135% in women. The study also found substantial changes to other germs, with increases ranging from 55% to 80% and reduced from 30% to 36%, reflecting the disorganizing effect of the ozone on the structure of the community.
Fewer species were affected by women than in men (7 versus 14, respectively). Average treponema It was the only species that showed a consistent change with exposure to Ozone in both sexes. It can act as a sensitive indicator of ozone -related lung function. These taxonomic and street findings are exploratory, as no one survived the correction of the percentage of false discovery, a statistical method used to reduce false positives when many comparisons are tested at the same time.
Conclusion
The study emphasizes the harmful effects of exposure to ozone on the lungs and the oral microbicide, especially on men. According to this analysis, changes in Average treponema It was in agreement with a mediation role in reduced lung function, which appears to be a sensitive indicator of ozone exposure. Men were more sensitive to ozone than females, showing poorer lung function and changed the oral microbicide after the exposure.
