SA ranks highest among other African countries for bladder infections

Bladder infections are a common occurrence around the world, but South Africans seem to struggle more than others.

According to a study published in the Journal of Health & Biological SciencesSouth Africa ranked highest for urinary tract infections (UTIs) among eight other sub-Saharan African countries.

THEoverall, the prevalence of UTIs in sub-Saharan Africa is 32.12%, with the highest prevalence (67.6%) recorded in A.Efollowed by Nigeria (43.65%) and Zambia (38.25%).

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Recurrent infections common among women

In S.A. UTIs are common, especially among women. Factors such as reduced immunity, diabetes and poor personal hygiene – compounded by poor hygiene, limited access to clean water and inadequate health care infrastructure increases a woman’s risk of contracting a UTI.

Elani van Zyl, Critical Care Product Manager at Pharma Dynamics, says 25-30% of women between the ages of 20 and 40 experience recurrent infections. “Getting two UTIs in six months or three in a year is considered to have recurrent UTIs.

“Bladder infections (cystitis) happen when tiny germs travel up the urethra and into the bladder, causing an uncomfortable and painful lower urinary tract infection. Although easily treated, UTIs can spread to the upper urinary tract and cause a range of problems, so early and correct diagnosis is important.”

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Bacteria are to blame

She points out that anatomically, women are more prone to urinary tract infections since women have a shorter urethra than men. This shorter distance between the bladder and the outside environment makes it easier for bacteria to travel up the urethra and reach the bladder, leading to infections.

“Sexual activity can also introduce unwanted bacteria into the urinary tract, as the urethra in women is much closer to the anus than in men, which makes it easier for bacteria to wind up in the bladder.

“Mechanical contraception – spermicides, diaphragms and cervical caps – can also increase the risk of UTIs by changing the balance of bacteria in the vagina or causing irritation in the urinary tract.”

While more than 80% of UTIs are caused by E.coli, other bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are also responsible for the disease, although to a lesser extent.

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Prevention is the best approach

He notes that while the best treatment for UTIs is antibiotics, pPreventing urinary tract infections is vital to fighting antibiotic resistance and ensuring that these drugs remain effective for treating bacterial infections.

“Preventing bladder infections or UTIs involves adopting healthy lifestyle habits and practices that reduce the risk of bacterial growth and infection in the urinary tract.”

Here are 8 precautions to consider:

1. Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract, reducing the risk of infection. Aim for around 6-8 glasses of water a day unless advised otherwise by a healthcare professional.
2. Maintain good hygiene: Women should wipe from front to back after using the bathroom to prevent the spread of bacteria. Keeping the genital area clean and dry helps prevent bacterial growth.
3. Urinate when needed: Do not hold urine for long periods as this can allow bacteria to multiply in the urinary tract. Empty your bladder regularly, especially after intercourse.
4. Have safe sex: Using condoms during intercourse can help reduce the risk of introducing bacteria into the urinary tract. Urinating before and after intercourse can also help flush out bacteria.
5. Avoid irritating products: Some feminine hygiene sprays, washes, or scented products can irritate the urethra and increase the risk of a UTI. Prefer mild, unscented products. Also change diapers or incontinence pads as soon as they become soiled.
6. Wear breathable clothing: Tight clothing, especially synthetic materials, can create a warm and humid environment that encourages bacterial growth. Wear breathable cotton underwear to keep the genital area dry.
7. Boost your immune system: A healthy immune system helps fight infections. Maintain a balanced diet, exercise regularly and get enough sleep to support your immune system.
8. Manage underlying conditions: Conditions such as diabetes can increase the risk of a UTI. Proper management of underlying conditions can help reduce the risk of infections.

“Practicing good hygiene, staying hydrated, and taking preventative measures can help reduce the risk of UTIs in both men and women,” she says.

If you experience frequent UTIs or have certain risk factors, it is recommended that you consult a healthcare professional, who can provide personalized guidance and recommendations to help prevent recurrent UTIs.