The researchers discovered three new cafés, called cafes A, B and C, in grilled beans of Arabic beans with strong blood sugar reduction activity. Using advanced NMR and LC-MS/MS, the team also identified three additional new dypes, highlighting the hidden role of coffee as functional food.
Study: Bioactive oriented discovery of Diterpenoids in Coffea Arabica based on 1d NMR and LC-MS/MS Molecular Network. Credit Picture: Amenic181/Shutterstock.com
A recent study published in Drinking plant The composition and potential activity of the dotene coffee were analyzed. Researchers identified three new diterpeen coffee esters of roasted Arabica coffee beans, named Cafealdehyde A, B, and DO, With significant alpha-glycosidase activity (IC₅₀ Prices stronger than positive control, acarbose).
What are functional foods?
Functional foods are whole, enriched or improved foods that offer additional benefits beyond the basic diet. These are natural foods such as berries or modified ingredients such as probiotics. In addition to the necessary nutrients, functional foods provide many organic active ingredients to humans. These bioactive ingredients may have anti-oxidation, neuroprotection, hypoglycaemic and lipid reduction properties.
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed drinks in the world and is considered one of the most economical valuable plants. Arabica (Coffea Arabica) and Robusta (Coffea Canephora) are popular types of coffee that are planted and traded worldwide. Ditrypenoid coffee are essential features of coffee. Most exist as a dotene esters. Although 24 fatty acids form these esters, linoleic acid and palmitic acid esters are abundant.
The content of the coffee diterpes varies between different types of coffee. To date, more than 70 types of café dioteneys have been documented. Some diitrypenoid coffee, such as Kahweol and Cafestol, have been identified that they have anti -cancer and reduced blood effects. Since roasted beans are an extremely complex mixture system, it is important to explore if there are other new active cafes.
Analytical methods for detecting bioactive compounds
Scientists have significant difficulties in extracting functional ingredients from composite food extracts. Traditional phytochemical analysis includes multiple steps, including extraction, separation, structure analysis and evaluation of activities, which are tiring, time consuming and are not always accurate.
On the contrary, technological developments, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Mass Mass Spectrometryn) and high performance liquid chromatography in combination with multiple mass spectrometry (MSn), can promote the detection of biological activity or metabolic analysis in a relatively accelerated manner.
NMR and LC-MSn They are commonly used to detect bioactive compounds and evaluate their activities. Scientists also use a LC-MS/MS molecular networking approach to monitor active compounds. Given the benefits of these analytical methods, the NMR coupling with LC-MS/MS could be beneficial to detect bioactive compounds.
For the study
Current research combines NMR and LC-MS/MS technology to detect new coffee coffee in roasted Arabica coffee beans. The structure of the new bioactive diterpes was characterized by spectral analysis. The aim was to minimize chromatographic separation where possible to reduce the use of solvents and consumables, making the process more friendly and effective.
A three -stage plan was proposed. The first step included submission of sub-samples 1H-NMR and activity detection. The approach of the-heatmap complex was used to grouping 1NMR and activity data and view active groups. In the second step, fractions of interest were checked 13C-DEPT NMR (reinforcement without carbon-13 deformation by detecting nuclear magnetic coordination of nuclear polarization). Here, the fractions that will probably contain active new compounds were cleaned with semi-prepared HPLC.
Isolated compounds were further determined with 2D NMR and high -resolution electricity mass spectrometry (Hresims) and their functions were validated. The third step included a Molecular network based on LC-MS/MS to examine possible trace elements and new active compounds.
Study findings
The current study was divided by the roasted cavity extract into 19 fractions using silicon column chromatography. The fractions 1The NMR spectra were analyzed to obtain the integrated value of the characteristic area. The heatmap of the complex created a matrix with 19 rows and 1,167 columns.
According to the complex result based on 1NMR data, the fractions were divided into five groups. Since the group Fr.1-Fr.3 presented no A-glycosidase activity, it fell from further analysis. Among the four groups that showed a variety of inhibitory activity, Fr.9-Fr.13 practiced a maximum of A-glycosidase activity.
By combining the accumulation of heat concentration and 1NMR spectral data showed compounds in Fr.9 -fr.13 Group Exert Suspensive activity. Subsequently, the representative sample FR.9 by active team (Fr.9 -fr.13) 13C Dept NMR data, indicating a characteristic carbon signal of the aldehyde groups. The HPLC resolution of the sample FR.9 resulted in three chromatographic peaks. The HPLC semi-preparation was cleaned these compounds to obtain 1-3 compounds.
1The NMR spectrum showed the presence of two methyl groups, a group of methylene oxidation, three Olefinic protons and one group of aldehyde protons. 13The C-Dept NMR spectrum underlined the presence of a total of 36 carbon atoms. 13The C NMR resolution revealed that compound 1 is a diterpean ester with sixteen saturated carbon fatty acids.
Although 1H nmr and 13C NMR data of compounds 2 and 3 were similar, 13Data C NMR and Hresims showed that Union 2 has two additional methylus and compound 3 contains four additives in the long chain of fatty acids compared to Union 1.
The combination of these data with the materials identified three other new dietary cafés: Magic acid, octadekenic acid and non-homosexic acid, with potential inhibitory activity of α-glycosidase.
Conclusions
Three New Associations of Estera Dieteniou, Cafaaldehyde A, B and Cwith IC₅₀ prices stronger than Acarbose, were identified by his raw extract Coffea Arabica. In addition, three additional new coffee-dotene esters were identified with a similar activity using a Molecular network based on the LC-MS/MS. The method proposed in this study could be applied to the separated targeted active metabolites of other foods in future research, while reducing the use of solvents and research time.
