Can your diet help you live longer? New study reveals that attachment to national guidelines for France’s nutrition reduces the risk of early death – except for an unexpected twist for lung cancer.
Study: Attachment to French dietary guidelines is linked to a reduced risk of mortality in the French perspective E3N. Credit Picture: OnyxPrj / Shutterstock
In a recent study published in Dietary magazineResearchers examined the relationship between adhesion with French nutrition guidelines and the risk of mortality between participants in Etude epidémiologique auprès de femmes de l’éducation Nationale (E3n) French perspective.
Background
May your diet determine how long have you been living? Non -contagious diseases (NCDs) cause more than 74% of world deaths, according to the World Health Organization. While diet is a key risk factor, NCDs result from multiple influences, including genetics, physical activity and environmental reports. In France, nine of the first ten causes of death are associated with NCDs, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Nutrition is one of the most powerful tools to prevent diseases, but many are struggling to follow national dietary guidelines.
The French Nutrition Lines of 2017 promote whole foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins, while restricting processed foods, red meat and added sugars. However, their real impact on longevity remains unclear. If these guidelines really reinforce survival, governments and communities do more to encourage attachment?
Despite strong evidence that links nutrition to health, gaps remain in understanding how different levels of adhesion affect specific types of mortality, especially cause cancer deaths. Further research is needed to improve nutritional recommendations, identifying factors that affect these associations and evaluate the viability of these guidelines in various populations.
For the study
This study was conducted using data from the French perspective E3N, which was originally recorded 98,995 women in 1990.
These participants provided self-reported nutrition data, which were evaluated using a validated semi-bait questionnaire containing 208 food items. The attachment to the French Nutrition Lines of 2017 was evaluated using the simplified National Nutrition Santé-Guidelines Score 2 (SPNNS-GS2) program ranging from -20.4 to 12.6.
The mortality data was obtained by the French Epidemiology Center for Medical Causes of Death (INSERM-Cépidc). COX proportional risk models were used to assess the association between SPNNS-GS2 and All-Cause as well as for the cause of a specific mortality. The models were adapted to confusing factors, such as age, birth group, body mass index, physical activity, smoking condition, level of education, menopause and overall energy intake.
To take into account the possible exposure to dietary chemical infectious agents, sensitivity analyzes were carried out by adapting models to dietary exposure to mixtures of infectious foods. These analyzes confirmed that the observed correlations remained strong. Statistical analyzes were carried out using SAS 9.4 and R 4.1.2, with a significance set to p <0.05.
Results
During an average follow -up period, 6,441 deaths were recorded among the study participants. The average SPNNS-GS2 score was 3.8 (standard deviation (SD) 3.0). The highest attachment to the French dietary guidelines was associated with a lower risk of mortality from various causes.
The relationship between SPNNS-GS2 and mortality was found to be non-linear. Significant correlations were observed until the 65th percentage of the score, beyond which the benefit was stabilized or, in some cases, reversed.
For individuals, these findings indicate that more healthier food choices can significantly extend life. Those who followed the guidelines had a lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease and certain cancers, such as breast cancer.
However, for lung cancer, risk reduction was observed by the 65th percentage of adhesion, after which the trend was reversed. This reversal was described in the study as statistical non -linearity, although the underlying reasons remain uncertain.
For the mortality of all the causes, a higher SPNNS-GS2 score was associated with reduced risk, stabilizing beyond the average value. A similar trend was observed for the mortality of all cancer, but at high levels of adhesion, the protective effect was reduced, according to the findings of the study of non -linearity and not with an external confusion.
Breast cancer mortality followed a risk reduction model up to the average adhesion rating, while mortality of lung cancer presented a complex non -linear voltage beyond high levels of adhesion rather than a clear confusion.
Conversely, the mortality of cardiovascular disease has shown a linear inverse relationship with SPNNS-GS2, indicating a consistent reduction in risk with higher adhesion (risk ratio per SD increase: 0.86 [95% CI: 0.76-0.97]).
No significant correlation was found between compliance with dietary guidelines and mortality of colon cancer.
Sensitivity analyzes have confirmed that the adaptation of the nutritional exposure to chemical pollutants did not significantly change these findings, enhancing the strength of observed correlations. Further analyzes of subgroups confirmed that compliance with the dietary guidelines was protective in various population groups, although the study did not emphasize lifestyle factors such as smoking and physical activity as primary effects.
Conclusions
In summary, the highest attachment to the French nutrition lines of 2017 was associated with a reduced risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and specific cancers such as breast and lung cancer.
However, for mortality of lung cancer, the compound was reversed to high levels of adhesion, which the study attributes to statistical non -linearity rather than a modern result.
These findings emphasize the crucial role of diet in public health. At the individual level, they emphasize the importance of making updated nutrition options to improve longevity. For communities, they emphasize the need for better education and access to nutritional foods. At the global level, they serve as an invitation for action for policy -making for the promotion of nutrition guidelines through public health initiatives.
