LMU researchers have shown that a particular type of immunocytes acts more flexible than previously considered – with opportunities for new therapeutic approaches.
In the context of the innate immune system, dendritic cells are at the forefront of the body’s defense against infections. They detect pathogens and coordinate immune response. An international team led by Professor Barbara Schraml of LMU’s Biomedical Center conducted an extensive study of a new type of dendritic cells and revealed its important role in body immune response.
As the researchers show, the dendritic cells characterized by the expression of the RORGT transcription factor – the so -called RORGT+ Dendrites (DCS) – are found in many tissues. In addition, they have been maintained in many species during evolution, which suggests that they have basic functions.
We already knew that these cells maintain balance in the immune system and prevent excessive reaction. Now we have discovered that they can act flexibly and actively activate immunological reactions. Therefore, they seem to play a critical role in our immune system. ”
Professor Barbara Schraml from LMU’s Biomedical Center
Under normal conditions, Roryt+ DCS helps prevent the immune system to attack harmless things, such as intestinal bacteria or food ingredients. But in periods of infection or inflammation, they can change the roles and activate other immune cells. Of particular interest, the authors note is proof that these cells also appear to be involved in diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In patients with multiple sclerosis, they undertake an aggressive profile, suggesting that they contribute to inflammation in the brain and spinal cord.
The dual functionality of the RORGT+ DCS also opens the door to new treatment possibilities. For example, cells could target either to calm an overactive immune system or enhance the immune system. “This makes them an attractive goal for new treatments aimed at treating autoimmune diseases, enhance vaccines, support cancer immunotherapy or treat allergies,” Schraml explains.
Source:
Magazine report:
Narasimhan, H., et al. (2025). Redritic cells expressing RORGTs are functionally versatile and evolutionary preserved cells with antigen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2417308122.
